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Kerala
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Folk Arts |
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| THEYYAM
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A
ritual dance performed in temples
by appointed people in fulfillment
of vows of devotees. Theyyam is
the corrupted form of the word
Daivam meaning the God. It is
purported to be the dance by the
Goddess Herself. The dancers are
men in feminine attire wearing
colourful costumes made usually
of palm leaves, cloth and brass
jewellery, ferocious masks and
big head gear, often extending
up to forty feet in height.
The pace of the dance is set to
the beating of Chenda (drum).
The artiste invested by the goddess
in his person falls in a trance,
dances deliriously to the mounting
tempo and conveys, as an oracle,
the goddess's acceptance of the
vow and blessings or otherwise.
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THIRUVATHIRA
KALI
This is a group dance by young ladies
of Nair community on the night of
Thiruvathira (the sixth lunar asterism)
of the month of Dhanu in the Malayalam
calendar, corresponding to December
in Christian era, till dawn, singing
in praise of Lord Shiva. For married
women it is an imperative  ritual
propitiating the God for granting
lingering matrimony and for virgin
maids, it is for the boon of getting
a pleasing matrimonial alliance. Attired
in traditional white handloom Mundu
and Neryath and adorning fabulous
gold jewellery, women dance round
the Nilavilakku (pedestal wick lamp)
placed in the courtyard, singing and
clapping hands. It has songs written
specifically for the purpose in special
metric scale, narrating stories from
the legends.
MARKKAM KALI
It is a counterpart of Thiruvathira
Kali played by women belonging to
the Christian community. Here also
the dancers attired in traditional
white mundu frilled at the back to
cover the buttocks, chatta (Jacket),
rich jewellery including Mekkamothiram
(an ornamental ring worn by the Christian
ladies on the upper lobe of the ear,
now considered old fashioned). The
dancers sing in praise of Jesus Christ
to the varying rhythms of drum beating.
It is comparatively brisk in action.
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CHAVITTUNATAKAM
A Christian dance drama developed
exclusively in Kerala as a counterpart
of Kathakali enacted in Hindu temples.
 Unlike
other performing arts, this drama
is presented on a raised platform
made of planks spread on skeleton
wood structure. Actors don in colourful
Roman attires enacts stories from
Bible with rich dialogues and songs
to the accompaniment of beating of
country drums. The predominant feature
of this art is the artistes stamping
(Chavittu) the dance floor producing
resonant sounds to accentuate the
dramatic situations.
OPPANA
Oppana is makeup. This is
dance by Muslims girls while doing
bridal makeup.  It
is an all girls' performance in the
bridal chamber. Friends and other
girls of the bride's age sing to the
rhythm of clapping hands in fast tempo
and dance teasing the bride on the
eve of marriage preparing her for
the ceremony doing her face make up,
manicuring and applying henna on the
palms and feet.
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